Structure, dynamic-mechanical and acoustic properties of oil palm trunk modified by melamine formaldehyde

The performance of oil palm trunk wastes from Banjarbaru of South Kalimantan was improved with the help of chemical modification in a two-step treatment. The first was formalization with formaldehyde solution with vary-ing pH, and the second was impregnation with melamine-formaldehyde resin under 5 bar pressure for an hour. In these processes, the samples were cured at 120°C for 10 min and then dried in an oven at (103 ± 2)°C in order to attain a moisture content of less than 6%. These treatments improved the physical properties (density, moisture content, and volume swelling), mechanical resistance, dynamic-mechanical and acoustic performance of the woods. The combination of impregnation and formalization changed the structure and the morphology of the woods such that the surface became flatter and denser. This was confirmed by results from FTIR, SEM, and DMA. Samples with alkaline modification displayed the best results for dimensional stability, storage modulus, and damping factor in varied frequencies. The treatments in this study also heightened acoustic performances as evidenced by the resulting characteristics of sound absorption coefficient and acoustic impedance.