Study on peak hours, ventilation, and resident activities towards indoor air quality on PM_2.5 in Surabaya

Several parameters contribute to the standard level of indoor air quality (IAQ), such as PM2.5 concentration, which is the primary parameter in this study. Several variables influence IAQ, such as infiltration and resident activities of outside air pollution through ventilation. Peak-hour traffic congestion can significantly raise outdoor air pollution. This study was aimed at finding out more about the influence of peak hours, the relationship between ventilation, resident activities, and indoor air quality (IAQ) in houses near the main road, as well as suggestions for improving IAQ. AirVisual Pro was the tool used to record PM2.5 concentration, temperature, and humidity; Kestrel 5500 was used to assess wind direction; and questionnaires were completed by residents. SPSS software is utilized for data analysis including the Pearson correlation coefficient, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and multiple linear regression (MLR). The average indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations in all units during peak and non-peak hours meet the quality standards on weekday and weekend. According to the correlation analysis, indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations had no significant correlation regardless of whether the window is open or closed. Temperature (-1.473), humidity (-0.033), the number of furniture (3.660), fan usage (- 8.005), cooking activities (3.755), cleaning activities (14.940), smoking behavior (4.545), and peak hours (6.896) associated with PM2.5 concentration, according to the MLR analysis. Increase fan use, no smoking inside the house, and less furniture are advised to improve IAQ.