Synthesis, α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and Molecular Docking Study of Chalcone Derivatives Bearing a 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Unit

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic condition that is a major health concern around the world. The current study investigates the synthesis of a series of chalcone and 1H-1,2,3-triazole hybrid compounds and their in vitro inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase. The antidiabetic analysis revealed that compounds 4a and 4b are highly active agents with IC₅₀ of 3.90 and 4.77µM, respectively. These results are close to quercetin (IC₅₀=4.24µM) as the reference standard. Molecular docking study strongly supports the active interaction of the 4a and 4b to the enzyme through cation–π interaction and hydrogen bonding between the ligands and the active site of Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase enzyme. This study broadened the potential of designing chalcone-triazole hybrid compounds as antidiabetic drug candidates in the pharmaceutical sector.