Synthesis of water-soluble chitosan from squid pens waste as raw material for capsule shell: Temperature deacetylation and reaction time

Water-Soluble Chitosan (WSC) was synthesized from squid pens waste by optimization temperature and time of deacetylation process from chitin to become chitosan. Chitin isolated from squid pens waste had been recovered using demineralization and deproteinization methods. HCl 7% was used for demineralization process and NaOH 10% at 60°C was used for deproteinization process. Deacetylation process has been made by NaOH 50% solution for 10 hours on temperature variation 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100°C. Afterwards for time variation on 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hour using the optimized temperature. WSC has been synthesized by shortening polymer chain of chitosan using H₂O₂ 30%. The synthesis result was then characterized by FTIR. The result of squid chitin yield showed at 33.9%. The optimum temperature and time of chitosan deacetylation occurred at 90°C for 8 hours as indicated by the value degree of deacetylation (DD) in equal to 83.94% and 82.22%. The percentage of WSC yield at an optimized temperature (90°C) was 27.59 % and at optimized time (8 hours) was 23,16%. WSC solubility test has been done in water and HCl 0,1 N. In addition, optimum chitosan products were insoluble on water and HCl 0,1 N.