TY - JOUR
T1 - Tailoring conductive polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers
T2 - thermal-induced structural evolution in nitrogen for energy storage device
AU - Anggoro, Diky
AU - Sudarsono,
AU - Purwandari, Endhah
AU - Baqiya, Malik Anjelh
AU - Ramli, Mohammad Mahyiddin
AU - Nakajima, Hideki
AU - Yudoyono, Gatut
AU - Darminto,
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2025.
PY - 2025/12
Y1 - 2025/12
N2 - Carbon fibers from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was achieved by the electrospinning technique, which was subsequently followed by the stabilization and carbonization of electrospun PVA fibers. The XRD pattern of PVA fiber confirms the change in the structure of PVA nanofibers and carbonized PVA from temperatures of 200, 300, 400, 500, and 700 °C, resulting in a structural evolution from fibrous to plate-like and dot carbon compounds. The SEM image of the PVA precursor reveals the presence of fibers exhibiting a smooth surface following the stabilization and carbonization processes at temperatures below 500 °C. Furthermore, the image depicts fibers that melt and transform into a carbon layer at a higher carbonization temperature ranging from 600 to 700 °C. TEM results show the formation of carbon sheets and dots, with an average diameter of 8.2 nm. The evolution that occurs from fibers to carbon sheet due to the melting process indicates a change in the morphology of 1D to graphenic carbon. The identification of carbon–oxygen functional groups, such as C = C (carbon with sp2 hybridization), C–C (carbon with sp3 hybridization), and C = O bonds, has been successfully detected and analysed using both XPS and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The results of the XPS profile fitting, as proven by Raman spectra, produce a graphenic carbon containing a 2D structure, with the total sp2 fraction increasing in the increasing carbonization temperature. This is also followed by significantly increasing electrical conductivity. So, the carbonized PVA nanofiber has the potential to be applied in electronic and energy storage device applications. This is also followed by an increase in electrical conductivity due to the formation of more carbon functional groups compared to less oxygen. Thus, carbonized PVA nanofibers have great potential for application in electronic devices and energy storage applications such as batteries and supercapacitors.
AB - Carbon fibers from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was achieved by the electrospinning technique, which was subsequently followed by the stabilization and carbonization of electrospun PVA fibers. The XRD pattern of PVA fiber confirms the change in the structure of PVA nanofibers and carbonized PVA from temperatures of 200, 300, 400, 500, and 700 °C, resulting in a structural evolution from fibrous to plate-like and dot carbon compounds. The SEM image of the PVA precursor reveals the presence of fibers exhibiting a smooth surface following the stabilization and carbonization processes at temperatures below 500 °C. Furthermore, the image depicts fibers that melt and transform into a carbon layer at a higher carbonization temperature ranging from 600 to 700 °C. TEM results show the formation of carbon sheets and dots, with an average diameter of 8.2 nm. The evolution that occurs from fibers to carbon sheet due to the melting process indicates a change in the morphology of 1D to graphenic carbon. The identification of carbon–oxygen functional groups, such as C = C (carbon with sp2 hybridization), C–C (carbon with sp3 hybridization), and C = O bonds, has been successfully detected and analysed using both XPS and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The results of the XPS profile fitting, as proven by Raman spectra, produce a graphenic carbon containing a 2D structure, with the total sp2 fraction increasing in the increasing carbonization temperature. This is also followed by significantly increasing electrical conductivity. So, the carbonized PVA nanofiber has the potential to be applied in electronic and energy storage device applications. This is also followed by an increase in electrical conductivity due to the formation of more carbon functional groups compared to less oxygen. Thus, carbonized PVA nanofibers have great potential for application in electronic devices and energy storage applications such as batteries and supercapacitors.
KW - Defect states
KW - Electrical properties
KW - Heat treatment
KW - PVA carbon nanofibers
KW - Structural evolution
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85218023767&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s43939-025-00197-8
DO - 10.1007/s43939-025-00197-8
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85218023767
SN - 2730-7727
VL - 5
JO - Discover Materials
JF - Discover Materials
IS - 1
M1 - 16
ER -