The Characterization of Structures and Porosity of Abaca Fiber

Abaca fiber is one of the superior natural fibers in Indonesia. This fiber is also exported abroad as raw material for banknotes. Abaca fiber has superior mechanical properties including tensile strength and Young's modulus test values. In this research, a more detailed characterization of abaca fiber has been carried out based on XRD, Gravimetry, SEM and BET analysis (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller). XRD characterization showed a relationship curve between intensity and 2θ resembling a cellulose curve. While gravimetric testing revealed three main components of abaca fibers in succession; cellulose 72.25%, hemicellulose 8.56% and lignin 8.69%. This high cellulose component caused abaca fiber to have high mechanical capabilities. BET analysis presented that abaca fiber has a Surface area 28.63 m2g-1, pore volume 0.09 ccg-1, and average pore size 4.94 nm. From the results of the analysis obtained proved that abaca fiber can be used as an alternative reinforcer in composite materials that can be applied as building materials (concrete) and acoustic materials (absorbers). In addition, abaca fiber is a natural fiber that is easily cultivated in Indonesia which is environmentally friendly and able to increase local wisdom if used scientifically.