The effect of water addition in inclusion formation of ketoprofen/β-cyclodextrin using supercritical CO ₂

Ketoprofen is a 2-(3-benzolphenyl) propionic acid with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. Ketoprofen has low solubility in water thus it decreases dissolution rate inside the body. The dissolution rate can be increased by inclusion formation of ketoprofen into β-cyclodextrin cavity. There are many methods to produce inclusion complex, such as solvent evaporation, freeze drying, kneading, and supercritical fluid. In this study, we used supercritical fluid method (SC-CO ₂ ) and water was added into the mixture of ketoprofen and β-cyclodextrin to help the inclusion formation. The effect of water concentration addition of inclusion process was studied in this research. Water was added by various concentration (0-80% wt) into ketoprofen/β-Cyclodextrin mixture (1:5 w/w). The operation was conducted at 50°C and 80 bars. The products were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DCS), and dissolution rate. From characterization result, the percentage of inclusion complexes were 92.6 - 97.3%. The highest inclusion percentage was achieved with 40% water addition. From dissolution studies, shows that dissolution rate of inclusion product was higher than pure ketoprofen.