The performance of smallholder dairy farms in West Java

Small farmers dominate dairy farming in Indonesia, and the average productivity is low. An understanding of the performance of farmers and dairy farming businesses is needed to formulate policies for developing small-scale dairy farms. This study aims to provide information about the performance of dairy farms and recommend policies or measures to develop smallholder dairy farms in West Java. The data used in this paper is taken from the IndoDairy Smallholder Household Survey (ISHS) database, covering 600 dairy farm households selected randomly in Bandung, Garut, Cianjur, and Bogor Districts. Data collection took place between August and September 2017. A purposive and proportional random sampling method was utilized to select the samples. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical analysis. The results show that the main income activity of households (80%) was dairy farming. In addition to dairy farming, households received 10% of their income from off-farm activities, 8% from horticultural production, 2% from other livestock, and 1% from crop production. On average, dairy herd sizes were 5.6 cows per farm, of which the highest found in Bogor (7.7) and lowest in Garut (3.1). The results also show that milk production per cow ranged from 14.1 to 15.2 liters/day/lactating cows, with an average of 14.9 liters/day/lactating cows. Policies and efforts to increase milk production, productivity, and quality of fresh milk through improving feed technology and better dairy farming management are critically important to increasing smallholder dairy farmers' income in Indonesia, especially in West Java.