The school bus route development using supply-demand competition based accessibility: Surabaya case study

Research has shown that educational transportation can worsen congestion to 5.85%. In Surabaya, 88% of school trips are of automobiles. The school bus is among one of the bus-pooled strategies have made to reduce this automobile dependence. However, the limited bus coverage area and routes limited the services; thus, the buses' modal share is low. The purpose of this research is to formulate the development guidelines of school bus service routes as the recommendation to improve the school bus services in Surabaya. A supply-demand competition based accessibility to school bus services was used as the main method of analysis. This research found that there are 167 schools in Surabaya that can be served by the school bus services. Furthermore, this research formulates eight new routes of school bus services in Surabaya for which can enhance the school bus services' coverage up to 52% out of the total number of schools, an increase of 19% from the current route services level.