The Synthesis of (1-x-y)BiF_eO_3-xBaTiO_3-yKVO₃ (x=0.33, 0.38, y=0.01) Composition and its Effect on the Electrical Properties

(1-x)BiFeO₃-xBaTiO₃-0.01KVO₃ with (x = 0.33 and 0.38) (abbreviated FTV33 and FTV38) was successfully prepared using three precursors that had been synthesized before the calcination process. BaTiO3 was synthesized using the coprecipitation method, BiFeO₃ was synthesized using the sol-gel auto-combustion method, and KVO3 was synthesized using the conventional solid-state method. Thermal analysis was carried out to determine the calcination temperature from 600 ⁰C for 2 hours to 600 ⁰C for 4 hours. X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been carried out to identify the phase after calcination at temperatures respectively. The phase identification of the XRD pattern has been carried out by Match software, showing that the powder and FTV33, and FTV38 have a pseudo-cubic structure with a P4mm space group and rhombohedral with an R3c space group. The XRD pattern is refined by the Rietveld method by Rietica software, and the crystalline size is determined by MAUD software. The doping effect of KVO₃ on its electrical properties was systematically investigated, showing that FTV33 is more conductive and has larger capacitance grains. Based on the previous XRD analysis, Ba²⁺ and K⁺ ions replaced Bi³⁺ at site A. On the other hand, Ti⁴⁺ and V⁵⁺ substituted Fe³⁺ at site B, which differed from the host’s oxidation state.