The Systematic Disaster Management Approach to Assessing Early Warning Systems in South Sulawesi: A Review

Disaster risk in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, has increased owing to environmental degradation, population growth, and climate change. The employment of Early Warning Systems (EWSs) is fundamental to disaster risk reduction strategies aiming to provide timely and actionable information and thus minimize life loss and damage. This paper reviews EWS effectiveness in South Sulawesi, deploying a systematic disaster management approach that incorporates mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery phases. Implementation gaps, community participation, technological infrastructure, institutional coordination, and local knowledge integration are analyzed through a literature-based review of academic articles, government documents, and case studies from 2015 to 2024. The review highlights the importance of multi-sector collaboration, proposing a more inclusive and localized approach to improve disaster resilience in South Sulawesi. It is demonstrated that EWS competence relies on the integration of community involvement and technological innovation, while effective communication in fostering trust and preparedness to address flood hazards is also highlighted.