TY - JOUR
T1 - The utilization of Xylocarpus moluccensis seed oil as biodiesel feedstock in Indonesia
AU - Gunawan, Setiyo
AU - Wasista, Hakun Wira
AU - Kuswandi, K.
AU - Widjaja, Arief
AU - Ju, Yi Hsu
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by a grant (013674.306/IT2.7/PN.08.01/2013) provided by Institut of research and public services, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia. The authors are also grateful to Dewi Puspitasari, and Mukti for valuable technical support.
PY - 2014/1
Y1 - 2014/1
N2 - In this study, the production of biodiesel from Xylocarpus moluccensis seed oil by esterification followed directly by transesterfication without employing a separation step was investigated. The composition of X. moluccensis seed oil was triacylglycerols (81.23%), diacylglycerols (3.70%), monoacylglycerols (2.26%), free fatty acids (10.5%), and wax esters and gums (1.23%). Our results suggest that FAME yield (97%) was obtained under the following operation conditions: methanol to rice bran ratio of 2. ml/g, sulfuric acid concentration in methanol of 1% (v/v) and reaction time of 20. min, an esterification operated on X. moluccensis seed oils could reduce FFA contents from 10% to 1.5%. Then, it was subjected to a second step reaction by adding potassium hydroxide of 0.3% and allowing to react for another 15. min. It was found that the content of saturated fatty acids in this study were 22%. This means that the biodiesel produced from X. moluccensis seed oil has better cold flow properties, compared to that obtained while using palm oil.
AB - In this study, the production of biodiesel from Xylocarpus moluccensis seed oil by esterification followed directly by transesterfication without employing a separation step was investigated. The composition of X. moluccensis seed oil was triacylglycerols (81.23%), diacylglycerols (3.70%), monoacylglycerols (2.26%), free fatty acids (10.5%), and wax esters and gums (1.23%). Our results suggest that FAME yield (97%) was obtained under the following operation conditions: methanol to rice bran ratio of 2. ml/g, sulfuric acid concentration in methanol of 1% (v/v) and reaction time of 20. min, an esterification operated on X. moluccensis seed oils could reduce FFA contents from 10% to 1.5%. Then, it was subjected to a second step reaction by adding potassium hydroxide of 0.3% and allowing to react for another 15. min. It was found that the content of saturated fatty acids in this study were 22%. This means that the biodiesel produced from X. moluccensis seed oil has better cold flow properties, compared to that obtained while using palm oil.
KW - Biodiesel
KW - Esterification
KW - Transesterification
KW - Xylocarpus moluccensis seed oils
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84888242797&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.10.039
DO - 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.10.039
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84888242797
SN - 0926-6690
VL - 52
SP - 286
EP - 291
JO - Industrial Crops and Products
JF - Industrial Crops and Products
ER -