TY - GEN
T1 - Thermal Characteristics of Coal Co-Combustion with Empty Fruit Bunch and Fronds Blends by Thermogravimetric Analysis
AU - Prayoga, Moch Zulfikar Eka
AU - Prismantoko, Adi
AU - Karuana, Feri
AU - Adelia, Nesha
AU - Ruhiyat, Ade Sana
AU - Prabowo, Prabowo
AU - Hariana, Hariana
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - Indonesia has an abundance of natural biomass resources, particularly from oil palm agriculture, which is underutilized. Empty fruit bunches (EFB) and fronds (FRD) are two examples of insufficiently utilized biomass, both biomasses are blended in equal proportion and coded as EFFR. Even though cocombustion is frequently examined using a single variety of biomass, barely any article thoroughly investigates the effect of combining multiple types of biomasses. For assessing the co-combustion effect, five blends of EFFR were employed, with combination 5% (EFFR5), 10% (EFFR10), 15% (EFFR15), 20% (EFFR20), and 25% (EFFR25), with sub-bituminous coal. All samples were examined in duplicate for characteristics analysis (proximate, ultimate, and calorific value) then thermogravimetric analysis employed TG–DTA. As the results, the EFFR20 combination exhibited the optimum sample as combustion evaluation result, with highest index value at ignition index (Di), burnout index (Db), combustion index (S), reactivity (R), flammibility index (C), while lowest value at index of intensity (Hf), with 4.78 × 10–8%/sec3, 20.88 × 10–12%/sec3·oC, 11.44 × 10–11%/sec2· oC3, 4.77 × 10–3 mg/sec, 3.58 × 10–5%/ sec·oC2, and 2.74%·oC2/sec, respectively. The findings of this study reveal that, up to a 25% EFFR mixture, the combustion properties are excellent. However, in terms of optimum combustion performance, a composition of 20% EFFR is thought to be most appropriate for these requirements.
AB - Indonesia has an abundance of natural biomass resources, particularly from oil palm agriculture, which is underutilized. Empty fruit bunches (EFB) and fronds (FRD) are two examples of insufficiently utilized biomass, both biomasses are blended in equal proportion and coded as EFFR. Even though cocombustion is frequently examined using a single variety of biomass, barely any article thoroughly investigates the effect of combining multiple types of biomasses. For assessing the co-combustion effect, five blends of EFFR were employed, with combination 5% (EFFR5), 10% (EFFR10), 15% (EFFR15), 20% (EFFR20), and 25% (EFFR25), with sub-bituminous coal. All samples were examined in duplicate for characteristics analysis (proximate, ultimate, and calorific value) then thermogravimetric analysis employed TG–DTA. As the results, the EFFR20 combination exhibited the optimum sample as combustion evaluation result, with highest index value at ignition index (Di), burnout index (Db), combustion index (S), reactivity (R), flammibility index (C), while lowest value at index of intensity (Hf), with 4.78 × 10–8%/sec3, 20.88 × 10–12%/sec3·oC, 11.44 × 10–11%/sec2· oC3, 4.77 × 10–3 mg/sec, 3.58 × 10–5%/ sec·oC2, and 2.74%·oC2/sec, respectively. The findings of this study reveal that, up to a 25% EFFR mixture, the combustion properties are excellent. However, in terms of optimum combustion performance, a composition of 20% EFFR is thought to be most appropriate for these requirements.
KW - Co-firing
KW - Combustion evaluation
KW - Empty fruit bunch
KW - Fronds
KW - Sub-bituminous coal
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105007499045
U2 - 10.1007/978-981-97-8197-3_19
DO - 10.1007/978-981-97-8197-3_19
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:105007499045
SN - 9789819781966
T3 - Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
SP - 181
EP - 188
BT - Smart Innovation in Green and Sustainable Energy - Select Proceedings of ICOME 2023
A2 - Suwarno, Suwarno
A2 - Yuwono, Triyogi
A2 - Kolhe, Mohan
A2 - Aziz, Muhammad
PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
T2 - 6th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, ICOME 2023
Y2 - 30 August 2023 through 31 August 2023
ER -