Urban Form Factors that Play Important Roles on UHI Spatial-Temporal Pattern: A Case Study of East Surabaya, Indonesia

Urban Heat Island (UHI) has a negative effect on the local climate and ecological environment. On the other hand, urban form has an impact on the urban thermal environment. However, the relationship between UHI's temporal spatial pattern and the urban form is still unclear. Our research explores the distribution patterns of UHI in East Surabaya based on surface temperature data calculations from Landsat imagery in 2001-2019 every 5 years. The results show that have been inconsistencies in the UHI pattern over the past 18 years and the most significant change occurred in 2016 and 2019. There is a difference in the intensity of UHI between built up area and non-built up area. Factors that are characteristic of urban form include urban green infrastructure, urban geometric and urban material with their respective variables. Using spatial regression OLS (Ordinary Least Square) variables that affect UHI include albedo type, sky view factor, building density, urban green space and urban water space. The mean building high variable has a negative correlation with UHI, this explains that the higher the building does not necessarily affect the increase in urban temperature. Our research can be a reference in formulating UHI adaptations.