Utilization of Mangosteen Pericarp Extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) as Herbal Medicine Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) Method

Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) pericarp was extracted to obtain the best antioxidant activity extract using the MAE method. The results obtained were extracts with a yield value of 14.306 % w/w dried mangosteen pericarp powder could scavenge the activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) until 61.758 % for 20µg/ml extract. The extract was obtained using 95 % ethanol as the solvent and a solid-solvent ratio of 1:10 (w/v), an operating temperature of 70 ºC, a power of 450 W, and an irradiation time of 6 min. The effect of using single-layer and double-layer solvents was also studied. Ethanol (EtOH), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) were used as single layer solvents. Meanwhile, a double-layer system was created by mixing water and EtOAc, and the effect of adding EtOH or IPA to the double-layer system was investigated. Double-layer solvents produce extracts that are in bottom and top layers. At an operating temperature 60 ºC, solid-solvent ratio of 1:10 (w/v), a power of 450 W, and a radiation time of 6 min, the best extract was obtained from the bottom layer solvent of EtOH:EtOAc:water 1:2:2 (v/v/v) with a yield value of 14.670 % and % DPPH inhibition was 57.437 for a concentration of 20 µg/ml extract. Meanwhile, under these working conditions, the extract from EtOH solvent was only 53.729 and pure α-mangostin was only 24.737 scavenging the DPPH activity for a concentration of 20 µg/ml.