TY - JOUR
T1 - Variations of air parameters during the COVID-19 Omicron variant lockdown in Surabaya
AU - Cahyadi, Mokhamad Nur
AU - Handayani, Hepi Hapsari
AU - Warmadewanthi, Idaa
AU - Sulistiawan, Soni Sunarso
AU - Christrijogo, Sumartono W.
AU - Raharjo, Agus Budi
AU - Navisa, Shilvy Choiriyatun
AU - Ramadhania, Nurya
AU - Filchev, Lachezar
AU - Dimitrovag, Maria
AU - Trenchev, Plamen
AU - Gochev, Deyan
AU - Jelev, Georgi
AU - Ahmad, Anjang
AU - Endarko,
AU - Purniawan, Agung
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Human Geographies; The authors.
PY - 2024/11
Y1 - 2024/11
N2 - The Omicron variant of COVID-19, a genetic mutation of the Delta variant, is marked by higher infection rates and linked to increased air pollution. This study investigates CO, NO2, SO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 air quality variations in Surabaya from November 27, 2021, to May 7, 2022, during the Omicron outbreak. Methods used include Hotspot Clustering, Mean Center (MC), Directional Distribution (Standard Deviational Ellipse), and Spatial Autocorrelation (Global Moran’s I). CO, NO2, SO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations were determined using the Sentinel-5P satellite with Google Earth Engine. The Omicron variant’s Weighted Mean Center (WMC) was found at coordinates 696250.219731 and 9192998.5921 m in Semolowaru village. A decrease in pollutants was observed during the peak infestation from January 29, 2022, to February 26, 2022, with reductions of 11.381 µmol/m2 and-23.195 µmol/m2, indicating low mobility in residential and workplace categories. Average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations during the study were 0.084 g/m3 and 0.043 g/m3, respectively. The correlation between COVID-19 spread and pollutant concentrations showed a moderate to weak relationship, with an R2 value of ≤ 0.5.
AB - The Omicron variant of COVID-19, a genetic mutation of the Delta variant, is marked by higher infection rates and linked to increased air pollution. This study investigates CO, NO2, SO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 air quality variations in Surabaya from November 27, 2021, to May 7, 2022, during the Omicron outbreak. Methods used include Hotspot Clustering, Mean Center (MC), Directional Distribution (Standard Deviational Ellipse), and Spatial Autocorrelation (Global Moran’s I). CO, NO2, SO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations were determined using the Sentinel-5P satellite with Google Earth Engine. The Omicron variant’s Weighted Mean Center (WMC) was found at coordinates 696250.219731 and 9192998.5921 m in Semolowaru village. A decrease in pollutants was observed during the peak infestation from January 29, 2022, to February 26, 2022, with reductions of 11.381 µmol/m2 and-23.195 µmol/m2, indicating low mobility in residential and workplace categories. Average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations during the study were 0.084 g/m3 and 0.043 g/m3, respectively. The correlation between COVID-19 spread and pollutant concentrations showed a moderate to weak relationship, with an R2 value of ≤ 0.5.
KW - Google Earth engine
KW - Omicron
KW - air quality
KW - lockdown
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85211898213&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5719/hgeo.2024.182.3
DO - 10.5719/hgeo.2024.182.3
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85211898213
SN - 1843-6587
VL - 18
JO - Human Geographies
JF - Human Geographies
IS - 2
ER -