Virtual learning during Covid-19 Pandemic in Higher Education of Afghanistan: Challenges and Efforts in Kabul Universities : A Systematic Literature Review

The Covid-19 virus has grown like a fungus all over the world and has affected all aspects of life by the spread of this virus due to quarantine of this virus for continuing the path of knowledge Afghanistan and neighbourhood countries face to problems like the rest of the countries, this pandemic becomes one of the main factors for Afghanistan drive toward Virtual Learning. Virtual Learning has been accepted since 2014 as an effective learning tool in Afghanistan's Higher Education. For implementing virtual learning there are some challenges in Afghanistan, the discovered challenges are not only, not having access to the Electricity and Internet. Here in this paper aim is to identify the challenges and efforts of Virtual learning during Covid-19 pandemic in Higher Education of Afghanistan in Kabul Universities based on literature review. Literature review is a Systematic Literature Review of papers, Journals, and Articles. Based on Literature review the challenges could be divide in to three parts Technological, Individual and Organizational issues and the best effort has been done for applying the Virtual Learning in Kabul Universities is HELMS (Higher Education Learning Management System) which is a nationwide learning management system but there are several factors that affect its effectiveness the use of HELMS.