Wireless Sensor Network Based Monitoring System: Implementation, Constraints, and Solution

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of sensors communicating at close range by forming a wireless-based network (wireless). Since 2015 research related to the use of WSN in various health, agriculture, security industry, and other fields has continued to grow. One interesting research case is the use of WSN for the monitoring process by collecting data using sensors placed and distributed in locations based on a wireless system. Sensors with low power, multifunction, supported by a combination of wireless network, microcontroller, memory, operating system, radio communication, and energy source in the form of an integrated battery enable a monitoring process of the monitoring area to run properly. The implementation of the wireless sensor network includes five main parts, namely sender, receiver, wireless transmission media, data/information, network architecture/configuration, and network management. Network management itself includes network configuration management, network performance management, network failure management, network security management, and network financing management. The main obstacles in implementing a wireless sensor network include three things: an effective and efficient data sending/receiving process, limited and easily depleted sensor energy/power, network security, and data security that is vulnerable to eavesdropping and destruction. This paper presents a taxonomy related to the constraints in implementing Wireless Sensor Networks. This paper also presents solutions from existing studies related to the constraints of implementing the WSN. Furthermore, from the results of the taxonomy mapping of these constraints, new gaps were identified related to developing existing research to produce better solutions.