Work rate modeling of building construction projects using system dynamic to optimize project cost and time performance

Project time and cost are recognized as project performance indicators that change dynamically. However, most performance measurements in construction industry practice remain quantitative and static; yet, construction projects have unique, uncertain, and complex characteristics. The work rate or level of effort is a dynamic factor that influences project time and the cost performance index. As a result, the performance index value fluctuates according to the various factors that influence this value. This research aimed to determine what critical factors influence work rate, which then affects schedule and time performance, and the relationship between them, using system dynamics modeling. The findings from base model simulation, sensitivity analysis, and scenario analysis showed that the resource factors, environmental issues, and management factor variables affected the value of work rate. The scenario phase showed that the highest performance value was from the optimistic scenario model, with 2.35% on CPI and 3.19% on SPI, greater than the base model’s index value. The results of the scenario phase in this research could be used to formulate strategies to obtain optimum construction project performance.